Sunday, December 1, 2013

Silence

I walked into my twelve week check up feeling excited and very motherly. The appointment was my initial checkup where I needed to provide all medical background. At four weeks I had experienced bleeding and was put on restrictions; however at seven weeks all restrictions were lifted and my doctor told me that she considered me to be having a normal pregnancy. I heard my baby's (very strong) heartbeat  only 5 weeks earlier and could not wait to hear it again.  The only problem was all I heard was silence. I had miscarried and did not know, I still felt pregnant and my body still thought I was. Two weeks later I had a D&C to remove the fetus and my world was soon full of silence everywhere I went.

Objective

I created this blog for my college class as a final project on subcultures. I chose my experience of miscarrying for my project in order to be in control of the emotional pain that I was left with. Those who have suffered from miscarriage are bound to one another as a subculture.

One may ask how miscarriage can create a subculture, according to Merriam-Webster (2013) a subculture is define as "an ethnic, regional, economic, or social group exhibiting characteristic patterns of behavior sufficient to distinguish it from others within an embracing culture or society".  A community of women who share the same beliefs, ideologies, emotions, and pain after losing their baby.

Therefore I would say that women who have had a miscarriage are a subculture. For this project I wanted to look at the community created by miscarriage subculture created by an alternate media of blogging/forums. A community of women who share the same beliefs, ideologies, emotions, and pain.

 

Inspiration for Blogging/ making connections

Inspiration to Blog

In my Youth Subcultures, Popular Culture, and Nonformal Education course, I read the article
Resisting the Spectacle of Pride: Queer Indian Bloggers as Interpretive Communities Written By
Rahul Mitra. The article is about the community created by the blogs of Indian men who are homosexual. The article was about the study of the communities created by bloggers "...Internet users go beyond mere audience demographics to form a ‘‘virtual community’’ (Lindlof & Shatzer, 1998), so that the bonds of community formation and their interpretations/representations must also be examined. The present study looks into ‘‘communities in cyberspace’’ (Smith & Kollock, 1999) to understand not only how these communities may form, but also how they may operate and sustain themselves" (Mitra, 2010). The study found that the use of blogs created a community among users of the blog. This article inspired me to create a blog for this project in order to connect to the community created by the subculture of women who had miscarriages. The subculture creates a connection between myself and other women; however, the use of blogging creates an even stronger bond and community.


Miscarriage Community

Most women who have suffered from a miscarriage feel completely alone and confused. Although there are resources out there, many find it hard to take the initial step to seek help. I like many women have found inspiration from other women on the internet particularly through the use of blogging. The subculture of miscarriages automatically creates a community of understanding and empathy; however, many women need more than the percentage that they are involved in, they need a real connection and a way to talk about their feelings. As stated on the MedHelp Miscarriages Community forum (2013) "Most of us in this community have experienced a miscarriage. That has helped this community to provide understanding and compassion to anyone who comes along. This is a safe forum where opinions may be heard and not judged. We always welcome new posts and new friends. I hope your experience in this community will be a great one. Please feel free to join everyone is welcome!"

There is a community created by miscarriages and rather than falling to the views and pressure of the dominant culture we should embrace this community and feel free to talk to one another.

   
 
 



 
 

Miscarriage and the Mother left behind

Miscarriage and the Mother left behind

1 in 4 pregnancies end in miscarriage (sociological perspective). Where are the statistic on life after?

After suffering from a miscarriage on November 30, 2012, I was left confused and with questions. When you experience a miscarriage your doctor apologizes and hands you a pamphlet with websites and a number for the Heal program. Although the Heal program is an amazing program designed to provide awareness and comfort for women who have suffered from infant/pregnancy loss; they do not provide a recovery.

A few days after the miscarriage I began to look at the websites that my doctor had provided, each site was full of statistics. I had just lost my child and felt completely alone and in no way did I want to make a connection through the use of statistics. According to the American Pregnancy Association (2013):
  • More than 500,000 pregnancies each year end in miscarriage
  • Approximately 1 in 4 pregnancies end in miscarriage
  • 10-25% of all clinically recognized pregnancies will end in miscarriage
  • Women under the age of 35 yrs old have about a 15% chance of miscarriage
  • Women who are 35-45 yrs old have a 20-35% chance of miscarriage
  • Women over the age of 45 can have up to a 50% chance of miscarriage
  • A woman who has had a previous miscarriage has a 25% chance of having another (only a slightly elevated risk than for someone who has not had a previous miscarriage
  • During the first trimester, the most common cause of miscarriage is chromosomal abnormality – meaning that something is not correct with the baby’s chromosomes. Most chromosomal abnormalities are the cause of a damaged egg or sperm cell, or are due to a problem at the time that the zygote went through the division process.
  • http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancycomplications/miscarriage.html
What does any of this truly mean? In my eyes it meant nothing, I wanted to know why I was apart of that 10-25%. I wanted to know what I had done wrong and I wanted to know why I wasn't good enough to be a mother. These were my questions and no statistic could answer these questions. It has taken me a year to finally look for the answers to these questions. I found that by reaching out to other women who had experienced a miscarriage. Women who experience a miscarriage are mothers in their heart but not physically and seek those who understand and can relate. Therefore, many women who have miscarried create a bond/community with other women. This community is what I desperately needed in order to no longer feel alone in my experience.

 

The Community

In order to answer these questions and look into this community that I was apart of I had to further understand why it was created. The subculture of miscarriage should be looked at it terms of cultural studies rather than percentages, according to Cultural Studies UNC "Cultural studies is an innovative interdisciplinary field of research and teaching that investigates the ways in which 'culture' creates and transforms individual experiences, everyday life, social relations and power. Research and teaching in the field explores the relations between culture understood as human expressive and symbolic activities, and cultures understood as distinctive ways of life" (2013). The women who miscarry are a culture who live very distinctive lives whether those in the dominant culture recognize or accept us a subculture. 

 

Miscarriage in Regards to Cultural Studies Theory

Miscarriage Subculture

Cultural studies is the study of cultures created by "Strong relationship between social class, identity, and culture. As well as symbolic aspects of culture cannot be separated from infrastructure of a group relations, activities and contexts of a particular social location" (Two Traditions- CS Tradition PowerPoint). The "culture" created by miscarriages cannot be denied when using this definition. Women who have miscarried share a strong relationship through the experience and how they identify themselves as a women.


My Perspective

I cannot speak for every women who has miscarried; however, I can provide my perspective. After my miscarriage I was expected to go on with my life; however I was not ready. I blamed myself for the loss of my child. I knew that I must had done something wrong which caused the miscarriage and everyday I replayed my 12 week pregnancy trying to identify what I had done wrong. It is a mother's responsibility to protect their unborn child and therefore, I was the one to blame. I have found that every woman who has miscarried has blamed themselves and questioned why; however, most pregnancies that result in miscarriage are chromosomal complications which are in no way the mother's fault.

I returned to work two days after my miscarriage and was not ready for the looks and questions I received from my coworkers. I appreciated their condolences but I could not bare to even think about my miscarriage therefore, every "sorry" was a smack in the face that brought me back to my painful reality. The reality that I was running from every second of the day.

In the months to follow the miscarriage, thoughts of pregnancy milestones haunted me. Although I was no longer pregnant I found myself thinking about the day I would have found out my baby's gender and the birth. My due date brought great pain and emotions. I thought about what my child would have looked like whether or not he/she would have had blue eyes like myself or brown like my boyfriend. I thought about how big he/she would have been and the beautiful moment of meeting my baby for the first time. Mother's day is always painful, we are mothers in our heart and mind, but not in reality which is a process that I still have yet to conquer. I do not know how I am suppose to respond or behave on Mother's day. My mother bought me a butterfly necklace for mother's day and told me that I would always be a mother no matter what society says.

In April (5 months after my miscarriage) I received paperwork from the hospital who performed my D&C, The paperwork informed me that my fetus had been cremated and the ashes of my fetus and others would be buried at the local cemetery. On April 28 I attended my baby's funeral. The process was so hard; however, The support from my family and the other women attending the memorial helped me through the day. The memorial allowed me to talk to other women and understand that I was not alone and that women all around me were feeling the same pain that I was. I have asked many women about this process and whether they believe it would be easier or harder to have a grave to visit. I have received mixed reviews and am still not sure how I feel about it. Since April I have been to the grave three times. Going to the site brings a lot of memories and emotions back that I have worked so hard to suppress.

My sister was pregnant at the same time as I was and after the loss of my child, I could not help but to question why me and my baby. The birth of my nephew was beautiful but brought a pain and resentment that I was ashamed of. I was angry not at my sister or nephew but at the world for not being able to experience my child's birth. I have found that each time someone close to me becomes pregnant I relive my miscarriage and go through the process of blame and guilt all over again. I feel ashamed of my resentment and embarrassed at the fact that I ask myself why they are allowed to have their baby but I could not. After speaking to my mother about her miscarriages, I was relieved to know that she had done the same thing after her miscarriage.

Everyday is a new day and as time goes on the pain does become easier to deal with. I realized that I lost my child but I was still alive and my life would not stop while I tried to recover from the loss. Learning how to put on a smile and a brave face is the first thing I learned to do. It is a requirement in our culture if you want to live your life and not fall into a very deep depression. The smile will soon become real and enjoyment will return to your life in time; however, every day is a new day that can bring joy or painful memories back. The silliest and most random things will remind me of my pregnancy and time seems to be lost. On those days I cry at night and think about my beautiful baby I never got to meet. My mother who miscarried about 30 years ago says that she still thinks about who her child would be today. Birthdays are never forgotten and holidays always seem incomplete without this beautiful thing I created for a short 12 weeks.


Cultural Studies Perspective

As determined by the cultural studies theory, a subculture must share the same ideologies and symbolic aspects. In the miscarriage community, the women share the same pain and create a community to support them. This manmade community has lead to the creation of a subculture across the world.

On an everyday basis community members share the same ideologies and practices as I described above in my own perspective. The miscarriage community feels responsible for their babies' death as well as being alone. The biggest ideology shared in this community is the pressure to forget and the misunderstanding from the dominant culture. To quickly put it into perspective of what we go through daily in this subculture I found these steps on Facebook. (source unknown)

 

When I read through the steps I could not help but to cry uncontrollably. For the first time I could put a name to every emotion that I have felt over the last year of my life. Every women goes through their own process of healing after a miscarriage; however, as a subculture we all experience these same stages of emotions/pain and we must turn to our loved ones and those in our culture who understand our pain. The use of the Heal program and blogs/forums allow our subculture to come together as a community.

Poem Created by Fellow Community Member

"Your little one cries too much.
My little one makes no sounds.
Your little one sleeps in a warm crib, mine lies in the ground.
Your little one wakes up today, my little one never will.
Your little one laughs and plays
My little one lies still.
Your little one makes you proud
But just as proud am I,
Cause your little one will learn to walk,
My little one can fly!"


Society's View

Society's and their inappropriate "Norms"


My biggest struggle with my miscarriage has been society. The dominant culture who determine the "norms" that we must follow in order to survive in society, go against everything that I feel as woman who suffered a miscarriage.

The pain of miscarrying is so severe and unable to explain unless you have experienced it therefore, society cannot understand how to react to women who have gone through it. The dominant culture sympathizes for us but cannot empathize with us. Society says that we should feel sorry for those who experienced a miscarriage. The politically correct response is to apologize for the loss and offer support, a listening ear, and/or a shoulder to cry on. This politically correct response only lasts for a short time and after that society expects women to "get over it"

John DeFrain, Elaine Millspaugh and  Xiaolin Xie (1996) wrote:

The loss of a baby can have profound effects on parents and surviving siblings. It is common to      hear the loss minimized in our culture as "just a miscarriage," but the analysis of more than 4,000 pages of written testimony collected from 172 mothers and 21 fathers indicates that losing a baby due to miscarriage can be a devastating experience. Disturbing flashbacks and nightmares are common in the aftermath of the loss; a high percentage of both mothers and fathers report feelings that they thought they might be "going crazy"; 11.4% of the mothers said they had considered suicide as a result of the loss, and 1.8% did try to kill themselves. (abstract)
After a miscarriage women go through several stages of grief and the process of healing cannot be determined. Some women are able to jump back into their life and cope with the loss almost instantaneously; however, others as myself feel as if they will never recover from the loss of their child.

It is hard to jump back into a live that you do not feel is your own; however, the dominant society does not realize how difficult that process is. After a miscarriage women still feel that they are a mother without a child to take care of. From the day a women finds out she is pregnant until the sad day that she losses her child, a women has become a mother.

There is no word in the English language to describe a women who lost their baby. The only word that relates in miscarriage, the process of pregnancy loss, but there is no way to describe or identify how a women is identified after the miscarriage.

In the dominant society, there is a taboo associated with miscarriage. Women who suffered are forced to move on with their lives. Society recognizes miscarriage as a painful loss rather than women who have experienced a loss who need to talk. Before the Heal program and the blogs, there was no one for women to talk to.

When pregnant women talk to me about their pregnancy, they become appalled by the fact that I would try to talk to them about my experience; although, I did not have a baby, I did experience the first trimester of pregnancy and may even have advice.

The dominant culture only views women as mothers when they physically have a child. This is a pain that women struggle with every day. Mother's day is a hard day in this subculture because society says that we are not mothers; therefore, we should not celebrate this day.

The Subculture of miscarriage has contested the dominant culture's views through the blogs and Heal program created by and for women in this subculture. These practices have taken back women's right to grieve and talk about their miscarriage.

"Some say you are too painful to remember, I say you are too precious to forget."
(source unknown)

The history behind miscarriages as a subculture

Miscarriages and its History

Miscarriages have occurred since the beginning of time and will continue to happen as long as women become pregnant. There is nothing that we can do to stop that; however, the subculture will continue to grow as well because of the practices that contest the dominant culture's view of women who have had a miscarriage.

Many subcultures fall due to the dominant cultures reaction to the subculture. The subculture created by miscarriages will continue for years to come because there will never be a cure for culture; however, the views in American society have changed significantly through the years.

In the beginning of history, women were blamed and considered broken and even accused of witchcraft. For instance Henry VIII divorced or killed several of his wives after their inability to become pregnant or after suffering miscarriages. Anne Boleyn, Henry's second wife was accused of witchcraft after her child was stillborn (Anne Boleyn bio 2013). Through the years and history of miscarriages the dominant culture has looked down on women who had miscarriages and blamed them. In the past women were told that they should be ashamed of their miscarriage due to their inability to protect their unborn child. The view of the dominant culture has changed dramatically; however, there is still progress to be made.

 The subculture of miscarriages has changed the views and acceptance from the dominant culture due to the science and medical research on pregnancies and infant loss. It is known that women are not to blame for miscarriages and that women can and should talk about their loss. The success of the subculture is due to the practices that we have created, such as blogs which bring awareness to the pain and emotions that women feel. The use of blogs allow subcultures to create a community with those who share ideologies in a cultural studies perspective.

Parent Culture

The subculture was created through the parent culture of Motherhood. According to the Cultural Studies, parent cultures determine the lifestyle of the youth culture. The morals and values created by the motherhood culture were handed down to the subculture of miscarriages. Motherhood provided the values and practices of becoming a mother the moment you miss your period or hear your baby's heartbeat. Once a woman hears that she is pregnant there is no way to take away her natural mother instincts even if the pregnancy is not viable. The parent culture of motherhood resulted in pregnant women becoming mothers before they give birth to their child.

 

Bibliography

References

American pregnancy association. (2013). Retrieved from http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancycomplications/miscarriage.html
Kigsley, A. (2009, June 10). [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://miscarriageonetwomany.blogspot.com/

MedHelp: Miscarriage community. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Miscarriages/WELCOME-TO-THE-MISCARRIAGE-COMMUNITY/show/731811

Merriam-webster. (2013). Retrieved from
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/subculture

Mitra, R. (2010). Resisting the spetacle of pride: Queer indian bloggers as interpretive communities. Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54(1), 163-178. Retrieved from https://niihka.miamioh.edu/access/content/group/3889f078-c84c-4308-b774-5277b9bb05a6/Supplemental%20Readings/Mitra.Queer%20Indian%20Bloggers.pdf

The psychosocial effects of miscarriage: Implications for health professionals. DeFrain, John; Millspaugh, Elaine; Xie, Xiaolin. Families, Systems, & Health, Vol 14(3), 1996, 331-347. doi: 10.1037/h0089794

Two Traditions- CS Tradition PowerPoint. (2012). Retrieved from https://niihka.miamioh.edu/portal/site/3889f078-c84c-4308-b774-5277b9bb05a6